Abstract

Both biological and social environmental risks have been shown to impair cognitive development. The combination of biological and social risks may be more detrimental to later intelligence than their main effects would suggest; that is, the interaction of biological and social risk factors may add to the risks associated with either factor alone. In this study, we examined the effects of early biological risks associated with below average birth weight and factors of the home environment on the cognitive development of 1,044 Bermudian 2-year-olds. In addition to main effects for the biological and social risks, the interaction effects of low birth weight and social risks associated with father absence were shown in this study to increase the likelihood of cognitive impairment at 2 years of age.

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