Cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth in a city in São Paulo.

Abstract

to identify the cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth. a cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, carried out with live births in a medium-sized city, from January 2018 to July 2020. A database was used with information aimed at identifying social and biological risks after birth, assessed descriptively. the sample consisted of 4,480 newborns, of which 78.9% were classified as at usual risk, and 21.1% as at risk. The cumulative prevalence showed that most newborns had more than one risk factor, with biological risks being the most prominent: need for admission to Intensive Care Unit, birth with less than 37 weeks of gestation and weight less than 2,500 g. Among the social risks, the following stand out: newborns who had a dead sibling aged less than 5 years old; head of family without income; mothers under 16 years old and who did not undergo prenatal care. The biological risk rate was 7.39 times higher than the social risk rate. the cumulative prevalence of the risks found was significant, with a considerable part of the sample presenting some biological risk.