Abstract

The genetic diversity of natural populations and the increase in global temperature are be- coming important issues in ecotoxicological research. We investigated the combined effects of 3 differ- ent temperature levels and 6 different levels of genetic diversity on the life history parameters of Chi- ronomus riparius. Inbreeding and loss of genetic variation are major threats to small and endangered populations. The reduction of fitness due to inbreeding is more severe under stressful environmental conditions. We show that under even a moderate temperature stress, a decrease in genetic variation has important consequences on the fitness of populations. This indicates that the global temperature increase could have serious effects on the distribution and survival of locally distributed or rare species.

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