Abstract
The effect of cyclic loads on the surface profiles of ECC linings cast on foundations comprising crushed stone and compacted soil was investigated. A geotextile was embedded between the crushed stone and ECC lining for some of the samples. After 28 days of water curing, the hardened surfaces were loaded and monitored for roughness and crack development by measuring surface levels and crack widths, respectively. Neither cracking nor significant variations in the lateral profiles were observed on all the samples for all the loads applied. However, significant variations which depended on the foundation types were observed in the vertical profiles. It was concluded that while ECC can resist cracking due to its high strain capacity, its flexibility causes ECC linings to assume the shape of the foundation material, which can increase the surface roughness at certain loading configurations.
Highlights
An open channel is medium in which a liquid flows with a “free surface,” which is defined as the interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid at a constant pressure [1] with water and air being the most common liquid and fluid, respectively
engineered cementitious composites (ECC) premix powder was used for the lining material while sandy soil, 20 mm angular crushed stone and a geotextile separator were used for the foundation
The crushed stone in samples M1 and M2 was vibrated for 2 minutes to eliminate voids, while the sandy soil in sample S1 was compacted to 90% standard compaction which is the minimum compaction recommended for open channel embankments [21]
Summary
An open channel is medium in which a liquid flows with a “free surface,” which is defined as the interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid at a constant pressure [1] with water and air being the most common liquid and fluid, respectively. While the selection of a suitable lining material is governed by both structural integrity and economic viability, the interaction between the subsurface drain and lining in response to imposed loads needs to be fully understood to avoid durability and structural failures. The sections between the cracks are prone to both lateral and vertical displacement in response to consecutive loading or differential settlements in the foundation culminating in increases in the roughness of the open channel lining. In view of the foregoing, this study sought to clarify the interaction of ECC linings under load with various foundation configurations
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