Interaction and binding efficiency of cationic drug chlorpheniramine maleate – anionic amino acid gemini surfactants mixture as media for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Abstract

The advantages of drug–surfactant interactions as drug delivery vehicles are valuable for developing pharmaceutical formulations. The interaction of a drug, chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), and (N,N′-dialkyl-N,N′-diacetate ethylenediamine, Ace(m)-2-Ace(n)), amino acid gemini surfactants (GSs) was investigated for various micellar, interfacial, and thermodynamic parameters at different mole fractions of CPM and GS mixtures using surface tension techniques. The values of the interaction parameter (β) suggested that CPM (cationic drug) exhibited low synergistic interactions with anionic GSs. Using UV measurement to evaluate the binding of CPM with GS, we determined the binding constant of drugs in the presence of GS and CPM+GS mixtures. Anionic GSs bound preferentially with CPM, because of the presence of cationic ions on the head group of the drug, and as an important drug-carrier, GSs showed higher binding constant (Kb) than that of ionic surfactant even at very low mole fractions. The values of different binding constant (Kb) indicated the binding mechanism of the CPM+GS mixed system. Mixed compositions of drug–surfactants were used to stabilize silver nanoparticles in aqueous media. The UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy indicated a strong hydrophobic and the electrostatic interaction between CPM and GS. Specific morphologies were formed by adopting different supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media, depending on the internal packing arrangements and on the numbers of methylene units [–(CH2) n–].