Abstract
Previously collected data of men and women (39-73years, 135 trained, 73 non-trained controls) were pooled for analysis. Measurements were taken twice before training to estimate individual day-to-day variations and measurement errors (n=208). The individual responsiveness to the 21-week RT in cardiometabolic health indicators (ie, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol and triglycerides) was determined. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedance and dietary intake according to 4-day food diaries. Metabolic responses to RT seemed to be highly individual, and both beneficial and unfavorable changes were observed. Large inter-individual variations in training response were not explained by a subject's age, sex, body composition, or nutritional status, with the exception of improvements in HDL-C, which were associated with simultaneous decreases in body fat in older women. The incidence of metabolic syndrome diminished following RT. This study showed that RT could improve some specific metabolic health indicators beyond normal day-to-day variations, especially in blood lipid profile. Further studies are needed to elucidate genetic and other mechanisms underlining the heterogeneity of RT responses. This knowledge may be useful in providing individually tailored exercise prescriptions as part of personalized preventative health care.
Highlights
It is well known that cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide
We previously showed with the larger sample size that the resistance training (RT) regimen used in the present study induced muscle strength and size gains, but considerable inter-individual variation occurred in the training responses.[15]
Prominent inter-individual variations were observed in response to RT as reflected in cardiometabolic health indicators in middle-aged and older men and women who had no previous experience of RT
Summary
It is well known that cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are considerable inter-individual variabilities in the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors in response to aerobic training in apparently healthy adults.[11,12,13] Some subjects experience significant health benefits in a given trait, while minimal or even the opposite responses can occur in their peer trainers.[13,14] individual training responses as reflected in physical performance following 20- to 24-week RT are acknowledged,[15] individual responses as reflected in metabolic health indicators are presently largely unknown. RT can be highlighted as an important strategy for the prevention of cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases as it is suitable for improving physical performance and functioning in older and obese subjects and has a great deal of potential for disease prevention.[16,17] the present study examined inter-individual variations in response to RT as reflected in cardiometabolic health indicators in middle-aged and older men and women. The issue is addressed based on data from previously published studies in our laboratory
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