Abstract
The article describes agricultural technologies increasing nitrate nitrogen content in the soil, crop yield, protein content and its fractional composition in winter wheat grain in the Middle Volga region. An economic and energy assessment of the effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation is provided for various predecessors, methods of primary tillage and fertilizing. Long-term studies were carried out on the fields of the Department of Agriculture, the laboratory “Agroecology” of Samara State Agricultural Academy. When cultivating winter wheat using the black fallow method, without autumn mechanical tillage with double application of nitrogen fertilizing, the highest yield indicators (2.79 t/ha), protein content of 13.12 %, the maximum net income, profitability of 92 % and energy efficiency were achieved. The energy efficiency coefficient in crops was the largest with the lowest energy coefficient in proteins.
Highlights
In the grain balance of Samara region, the most valuable food crop is wheat whose high-quality grain is widely used.An increase in yield and grain quality of winter wheat is possible on the basis of intensification of agriculture whose leading factors are predecessors, methods of primary tillage and fertilizers [1,2,3].The search for ways to increase crop yield taking into account the energy and economic state of agricultural production is the main problem of agriculture [4]
Research should be aimed at developing such methods and systems of tillage that would contribute to the preservation of soil fertility, the creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants, providing a high crop yield [5, 6]
In the beginning of the growing season and before harvesting, the soil moisture was higher in black fallow
Summary
In the grain balance of Samara region, the most valuable food crop is wheat whose high-quality grain is widely used.An increase in yield and grain quality of winter wheat is possible on the basis of intensification of agriculture whose leading factors are predecessors, methods of primary tillage and fertilizers [1,2,3].The search for ways to increase crop yield taking into account the energy and economic state of agricultural production is the main problem of agriculture [4]. In the grain balance of Samara region, the most valuable food crop is wheat whose high-quality grain is widely used. An increase in yield and grain quality of winter wheat is possible on the basis of intensification of agriculture whose leading factors are predecessors, methods of primary tillage and fertilizers [1,2,3]. The search for ways to increase crop yield taking into account the energy and economic state of agricultural production is the main problem of agriculture [4]. Research should be aimed at developing such methods and systems of tillage that would contribute to the preservation of soil fertility, the creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants, providing a high crop yield [5, 6]. New technologies for the cultivation of grain crops based on the use of minimum tillage are becoming more widespread [7,8,9,10,11,12]
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