Intelligent optimal layout of drainage pipe network monitoring points based on information entropy theory

With the increasing exploration of the marine resources, cooperative navigation (CN) of multi autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can improve exploration efficiency and accuracy. In order to improve the positioning accuracy in the CN, we propose the Information Entropy (IE) algorithm, which can evaluate the measurement informations, and choosing the optimal measurement informations to update the positions of the AUVs, decreasing the influences of the low quality measurement informations to the CN. In this paper, we study the influences of choosing different AUVs’ states and the amounts of the measurement informations, and we consider two scenarios, the first is that AUVs equip the equal accuracy navigation equipment; the second is that AUVs equip the different accuracy navigation equipment, which there are several AUVs have the high accuracy equipment, and the others have the low accuracy equipment. Combining with the nonlinear filtering technique, we find using the IE algorithm can reduce the positioning errors of the AUVs compared with selecting measurement informations randomly by the simulation results.

Known as the kidney of earth, wetland has significant ecological functions such as freshwater conservation, poison elimination, carbon storage, water quality purification, flood storage and drought control, climate regulation and remaining biodiversity etc. So protecting wetland is protecting ourselves. Water environment quality best reflects the ecological environment condition of wetland. According to multi-index and Spatial and Temporal variation of wetland water pollution, combining optimized selection requirements of wetland water quality monitoring, fuzzy similarity is propose. Through constructing multi-index monitoring data samples Decision-making Matrix, fuzzy similarity matrix between sample data and their mean values is established. According to the index value variation, the index weights are calculated based on information entropy theory. With the index weight and sample fuzzy similarity matrix, comprehensive fuzzy similarity of each monitoring point is calculated. Finally, according to comprehensive fuzzy similarity, each monitoring point is reasonably clustered, then representative points is selected from each category, so distribution optimization could be realized. Practical running proves that this scheme is simple and feasible, and extensionally applied to optimize other environmental monitoring points.

This paper proposes a design method of distribution network micro PMU optimal layout scheme based on information entropy theory, realizes the optimal configuration of distribution network micro PMU, accurately reflects the operation status of distribution network, and ensures the smooth operation of power system. On the premise that the number of PMUs is the least and the distribution network is completely observable, the dynamic characteristics of uncertain nodes such as distributed generation in the distribution network and the existing traditional measurement equipment and measurement information are comprehensively considered, and the information entropy theory is used to measure and evaluate the uncertainty of the distribution network. The distribution network micro PMU distribution point set taking into account the network uncertainty is selected based on the information entropy evaluation method. In the round by round iterative solution, greedy algorithm is used to select the node with the lowest distribution network uncertainty from the existing network nodes in each round as the installation node of the distribution network micro PMU, and obtain the installation node set of the micro PMU, so as to complete the design of the distribution network micro PMU optimal layout scheme. The experiment shows that the optimal distribution network micro PMU layout scheme designed by this method can effectively realize the optimal configuration of PMU, and can realize the full observability of the distribution network with a small number of PMU configurations.

In order to scientifically and reasonably monitor the soil environment of green spaces in urban residential areas, the layout and sampling methods of soil monitoring points for green spaces in residential areas were studied, including the selection of representative residential areas, determination of monitoring point sampling positions, and determination of the number of points. The author proposed a research on the layout and sampling of soil monitoring points for green spaces in urban residential areas based on multi-source data collection and big data visualization. By using multi-source big data visualization methods, representative residential areas of a certain city were selected to monitor heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium, zinc, and nickel) in the green soil of their residential areas. The study reveals variations in heavy metal concentrations in the soil across residential areas of differing building ages. To ensure thorough monitoring of soil environmental conditions in residential areas, it's recommended to include neighborhoods of varying building ages as monitoring sites. Our findings indicate that the choice of sampling locations within these areas does not substantially affect the heavy metal content in soil samples. Therefore, it's preferable to prioritize sampling from residential areas rather than focusing solely on large green spaces within them, There are differences in samples from different monitoring points within the same residential area, and at least 3-4 monitoring points should be set up in each residential area to represent the soil environmental conditions of that residential area. The application of multi-source big data has a positive effect and advantage on the distribution of urban soil monitoring points.

The article considers the principles for the spatial layout of local monitoring points of the hydrosphere state on the territory of oil and gas production enterprises. The general conceptual approaches to the development of monitoring network have been defined with account of the specifics of oil and gas production facilities that are viewed as pollution sources of the underground and surface water. The selection and location criteria for the monitoring points have been developed, which have been classified into such categories as water supply wells, water pits, tapping springs, monitoring wells and surface water objects. The author has proved that the key basis for installing the water monitoring points is the digital terrain model, which serves the basis for defining not only the structure of surface water runoff, but also the water flow course of shallow unconfined groundwater. The algorithm for developing the digital terrain model and for modeling the borders of water catchment areas on the selected sections by means of geoinformation technologies has been provided. The author of the article has analyzed the principles of installing the monitoring wells, based on the directions and filtration parameters of the phreatic aquifer. However, their main task should be the quick interception of contaminated water at the operation sites of oil and gas production facilities. Therefore, the number of monitoring wells depends on the number of such objects (or areas of their concentration) on the oil and gas field. In the absence of hydrogeological data on the plane structure of the groundwater surface levels, it is appropriate to use the model of water runoff to define the water flow course, at least in the landscape conditions of the Eastern oil and gas basin in Left-Bank Ukraine. To define the layout of the surface water quality monitoring points, the most effective tools are to develop the digital terrain model and to model the borders of water catchment areas on the selected sections by means of modern geoinformation technologies. The article includes the approaches to the installation of local network monitoring points of the underground and surface water, which can be also applied to the estimation procedure of the environmental impact of both oil and gas deposits in general and separate oil and gas facilities.

The environment of a closed piggery is commonly characterized by spatial unevenness, and there are currently no specific standards for installation points of various environmental monitoring sensors. Therefore, the project team used the hanging track inspection robot (HTIR) as an environmental mon-itoring platform to seek the environmental monitoring points and ensure the scientific layout of moni-toring points. Ansys-CFD software was used to study the change rules of environmental parameters at 1.6 m (α plane), 0.7 m (β plane), and 0.4 m (γ plane) above the ground. The 300 monitoring points ((x1~x30) ×(y1~y10)) in each plane were analyzed to determine the most suitable monitoring points and inspection routes for HTIR. The results showed that: (1) All monitoring points could be arranged directly below the y3 track. (2) Monitoring points (x1, y3), (x10, y3) and (x30, y3) were environmental feature points. At (x1, y3), the maximum relative humidity and NH3 concentration on the α plane could be detected, and the maximum wind speed, maximum temperature, and maximum NH3 concentration on other planes could also be detected; At (x10, y3), the minimum temperature and maximum relative humidity of the β and γ planes could be detected; At (x30, y3), the maximum NH3 concentration in the α plane and the minimum relative humidity in all planes could be detected. This study scientifically arranged the inspection track and monitoring points for HTIR, improved the accuracy of environmental monitoring, and put forward suggestions for reducing NH3 concentration in closed piggeries, laying the foundation for the next step.

Urban waterlogging control: A novel method to urban drainage pipes reconstruction, systematic and automated

Quantitative simulation of urban waterlogging using computer models is an effective technical means for urban storm water management, especially for predicting and preventing waterlogging. In this study, a city in the northern Anhui Plain, China, was selected as the study site. The Storm Water Management Model was applied to simulate the dynamic changes in the pipeline overload, node overflow, and discharge port runoff characteristics from three perspectives: surface runoff, pipe network transmission, and flow control of low-impact development. The operation of the rainwater pipe network under different return periods and the real-time operation of the rainwater pipe network were simulated to seek solutions to urban waterlogging problems caused by flat terrain and slow drainage. The results revealed that surface runoff is the primary source of rainfall in the study area, with a runoff coefficient of 0.599. The drainage pipe network was optimized by expanding the diameter of the pipe from ≤1.5 mm to ≥2 mm. The water reduction rate was more than 50%, and overload did not occur after optimization. Therefore, sinking green space technology and optimization methods for expanding a pipe diameter can reduce urban waterlogging.

Kim, S.E.; Lee, S.; Kim, D., and Song, C.G., 2018. Stormwater Inundation Analysis in Small and Mediun Cities for the Climate Change Using EPA-SWMM and HDM-2D. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 991–995. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The increase of rainfall intensity and flash-flood due to climate change are expected to exacerbate flood inundation in urban area. Especially, small and medium cities lacking drainage facilities are more vulnerable to flood inundation than large cities. This study introduces a simplified urban stormwater inundation simulation modelling for the two small and medium-sized cities located in South Korea using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and a HydroDynamic Model-2D(HDM-2D). EPA-SWMM model which are widely used to the runoff analysis of urban areas containing drainage pipe network, was used to calculate runoff flow and surcharged overflow of the existing urban drainage network. Then, a 2-D inundation model, HDM-2D was coupled with 1-D EPA-SWMM model to simulate the flood propagation in urban areas. The 1-D/2-D coupled model was calibrated with the real rainfall events and applied to analyze the effect of climate change on urban stormwater inundation for the 30-year frequency of design rainfall calculated by RCP 4.5 of the IPCC RCPs. In a simplified inundation analysis based on 1-D/2-D coupled simulation, the small-scale urban flooding in the small and medium cities was rapidly propagated within two hours after the occurrence of a surcharge overflow. The flooding wave propagation was highly related to the flow interaction with topographical obstacles as road, and bottom elevation or slope.

우수관망의 최적 설계에 관한 기존의 연구 모형들은 설계강우에 대하여 관거의 연결, 관경 및 관 경사 등을 최소의 비용을 목적으로 최적화하여 왔다. 그런데 우수관망에서의 관거 내의 흐름은 관경, 관 경사와 특히 관망의 구성 형태에 따라서크게달라진다. 기존의최적우수관망설계모형들은설계유량을만족시키는것에국한되었으며, 설계기준을초과하는 강우에 따른 침수의 발생은 관망의 설계에 어떠한 고려도 되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 우수관망을 구성함에 있어서 관거 내 흐름을 분산시키고 제어함을 목적으로 한다. 이것은 관망 구성에 따른 관거 내 흐름의 중첩효과를 제어함으로써 가능하며, 이러한 흐름의 제어를 통하여 설계기준을 초과하는 강우에 대해서 우수관망에서의 내수침수 발생은 저감될 수 있다. 본 연구에의 최적 우수관망 설계 모형(Optimal Sewer Layout Model, OSLM)은 내수침수 발생을 저감시키기 위해 흐름의 중첩효과를 고려하여 관거 내 흐름을 분산시키고 제어하기 위하여 개발되었다. 이 모형은 최적화를 위하여 유전자알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm, GA)를 이용하였으며, 수리학적 분석을 위하여 SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)을 연계하였다. 모형의 적용은 유역면적 44 ha의 서울시 하계 배수분구에 이루어졌으며, 현재의 우수관망 구성에 대하여 도출된 최적 우수관망에서는 지속기간 30분의 설계강우에 대하여 7.1%의 유출구 첨두유출량 감소와 20년 빈도의 지속기간 1시간 초과강우에 대하여 24.2%의 침수 발생량 저감 효과를 나타내었다. In the previous researches for storm sewer design, the flow path, pipe diameter and pipe slope were determined to minimize the construction cost. But in the sewer networks, the flows can be changed according to flow path. The current optimal sewer layout models have been focussed on satisfying the design inflow for sewer designs, whereas the models did not consider the occurrences of urban inundation from excessive rainfall events. However, in this research, the sewer networks are determined considering the superposition effect to reduce the inundation risk by controlling and distributing the inflows in sewer pipes. Then, urban inundation can be reduced for excessive rainfall events. An Optimal Sewer Layout Model (OSLM) was developed to control and distribute the inflows in sewer networks and reduce urban inundation. The OSLM uses GA (Genetic Algorithm) to solve the optimal problem for sewer network design and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) to hydraulic analysis. This model was applied to Hagye basin with 44 ha. As the applied results, in the optimal sewer network, the peak outflow at outlet was reduced to 7.1% for the design rainfall event with 30 minutes rainfall duration versus that of current sewer network, and the inundation occurrence was reduced to 24.2% for the rainfall event with 20 years frequency and 1 hour duration.

Multisource monitoring data-driven slope stability prediction using ensemble learning techniques

To provide practical decision-makings for fire-target assignment of missile ground-to-air weapon system in anti-air warfare, a threat evaluation model based on information entropy and fuzzy optimization theory was studied. Firstly, information entropy theory was used to calculate the entropy weight of each evaluation index, and the importance weight of each index was also included, the entropy weight and the importance weight of each index were integrated to gain the final weight; Then, the fuzzy optimization theory was used to establish the threat evaluation model; Finally, the validity of the model was illustrated by a practical example.

As a key indicator of safety, the number of persons in pubic venues is quite important. However, most algorithms require a burdensome training, which is far away from practical application. In this work, we introduce a counting approach with information entropy (IE). Without extracting features or tracking objects, this algorithm greatly simplifies the process of counting. Firstly, the moving objects are segmented by background subtraction. And then interested targets are normalized to avoid perspective effect. Finally, we compute the IE of the normalized images. In theory, the IE is proved to be approximately linear with the number of persons. However, considering the deviation from occlusion, perspective distortion, difference between pedestrians etc., we also make quadratic fitting for higher accuracy. The experimental results show that the accuracy of pedestrian number obtained by IE algorithm is higher than that of the previous research. So, the usage of IE in this field is efficient and practical.

Industrial users are big energy consumers, and most of them install monitoring devices on all transmission lines and load branches of the network during energy consumption monitoring. As a result, there is no direction in energy consumption monitoring, and there is a lot of the phenomenon of repeated monitoring which results in a great waste of resources. This paper presents the concept of fluctuation coefficient of energy efficiency. By comparing the size of fluctuation coefficient of each production line, we can realize the main monitoring of some production lines in industrial users. Using binary quantum particle swarm optimization (BQPSO) to further optimize the arrangement of energy consumption monitoring points, we can further reduce the number of energy monitoring points in the premise of making the whole network observed. Doing the simulation of a textile enterprise, the number of energy monitoring points can be reduced from the original 118 to 50 through optimization. The results show that the optimization method can significantly decrease the number of energy monitoring points in the premise of making the whole network observed and can reduce the cost of energy consumption monitoring for industrial users effectively.

A new method for identification of the main transition velocities in multiphase reactors based on information entropy theory