Abstract
With rapid advances in the field of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the ways in which human–vehicle interaction (HVI) will take place inside the vehicle have attracted major interest and, as a result, intelligent interiors are being explored to improve the user experience, acceptance, and trust. This is also fueled by parallel research in areas such as perception and control of robots, safe human–robot interaction, wearable systems, and the underpinning flexible/printed electronics technologies. Some of these are being routed to AVs. Growing number of network of sensors are being integrated into the vehicles for multimodal interaction to draw correct inferences of the communicative cues from the user and to vary the interaction dynamics depending on the cognitive state of the user and contextual driving scenario. In response to this growing trend, this timely article presents a comprehensive review of the technologies that are being used or developed to perceive user's intentions for natural and intuitive in‐vehicle interaction. The challenges that are needed to be overcome to attain truly interactive AVs and their potential solutions are discussed along with various new avenues for future research.
Highlights
With rapid advances in the field of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the ways in which big technology giants such as Google’s human–vehicle interaction (HVI) will take place inside the vehicle have attracted major interest and, as a result, intelligent interiors are being explored to improve the user experience, acceptance, and trust
Many of the technological solutions developed so far are used for various HVI studies that are typically conducted in driving simulator environments,[242] open source annotated datasets, or controlled outdoor environments with preplanned routes
While there has been tremendous research in the field of environment perception and control for autonomous driving, the growing need for in-vehicle interaction is leading to more sensors being integrated within the car
Summary
There are six levels of automated driving systems ranging from level 0 (completely manual) to level 5 (FSD) automated systems The SAE established the so-called 15 s rule, i.e., any tertiary task that takes more than 15 s to conduct while stationary is not allowed while the vehicle is in motion.[18] with the advent of level 4 and level 5, the primary tasks for the drivers and passengers are to perform nondriving-related tasks such as in-vehicle infotainment, working, and so on and secondary tasks will be supervising the AV and traffic situation.[19] depending on the driving context the vehicle needs to interact with the humans in certain ways according to established regulations and personal preferences of the drivers. Some of the major roles and objectives of the IVA can be characterized as follow
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