Abstract

The development of intelligent materials, i.e. materials that usually have a dramatic and reversible response to one or more external stimuli, is critically reviewed, with emphasis on intelligent fibrous materials. Initial developments and concepts were made with shape-memory metal alloys, followed by polymeric gels, and, more recently, intelligent fibrous materials. Examples of intelligent metals, polymer gels, and fibrous products are presented, and new applications and products based on fibrous intelligent materials are explored.

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