Abstract
AbstractThis chapter deals with definitional issues and examines the role of intellectual property rights in incentivizing agricultural research and development. IP may be defined as those creations of the mind in relation to which the state confers a statutory monopoly for a prescribed term to prevent their unauthorized exploitation. The reasons why a state might confer such monopolies are to encourage invention and innovation, and to encourage technology transfer and investment. Intellectual property is usually divided into two branches, namely 'industrial property' and 'copyright and the rights which neighbour upon copyright. The principal categories of industrial property are patents, trademarks, geographical indications (GIs), industrial designs and trade secrets. Copyright law is concerned with the protection and exploitation of the expression of ideas in a tangible form. The principal categories of IP that are relevant to food security are: PVRs, patents, industrial designs, trademarks, GIs, confidential information, copyright and database rights.
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