Intellectual prerequisites of a feminist discourse’s formation in the history of the Russian sociology

Abstract

The article considers intellectual premises of forming of a feministic discourse in the Russian sociology are considered. The origin perspective in Russia of feminism as social phenomenon and theory of feminism in the history of the Russian social thought begins with them. The developed prerequisites promoted an indication of interest of the first Russian sociologists to this problem. The specifics of historical and cultural development exerted impact on judgment of a set of questions within social sciences including on need of a research of “women’s issue”. Many outstanding sociologists actively worked at a turn of the 19–20th centuries in the field of studying of this problem. The question of social position and role of women attracted a keen interest of representatives of the most different directions of sociological science of the classical period of development in Russia: positivistic, neopositivistic, subjective sociology, genetic, neokantian, Marxist, geographical direction. The author notes that judgment of a women’s issue in Russia began much earlier, namely in the first half of the 19th century to what a huge number of books and articles on this perspective testifies. The problem of position of women in society is considerably expressed in the context of the Russian culture, and widely reveals in the Russian literature in works of the famous writers, poets, publicists, philosophers. Statement of a problem of inequality, overcoming a dependency of the woman, providing her rights in Russia differs from western in original specifics. These specifics are caused by historical and social development of society, formation of legal system, religious consciousness. On the one hand, considerable impact was exerted by the European social thinkers. On the other hand, it is possible to speak about the Russian philosophers of this period who developed a problem of female equality in the works and in many respects defined the general direction of development of domestic sociology. In article the process of intellectual development of the Russian social thought which is directly preceding emergence of sociology in Russia and to forming of a feministic discourse within some leading schools of sciences is analyzed.