Abstract
Although there are clear environmental, economic, and social drawbacks in using private vehicles, students still choose cars to get to campus. This study reports an investigation of psychological factors influencing this behavior from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Model. Students from three different university campuses in Surabaya, Indonesia, (n = 312) completed a survey on their car commuting behavior. Results indicated that perceived behavioral control and personal norm were the strongest factors that influence behavioral intention. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and personal norm explain 62.7% variance of the behavioral intention. In turn, behavioral intention explains 42.5% of the variance of the actual car use. Implications of these findings are that in order to alter the use of car, university should implement both structural and psychological interventions. Effective interventions should be designed to raise the awareness of negative aspects of car use.
Highlights
Campus generally has an economic appeal; around campus will be attractive for various businesses
Estimation of model was determined using Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) [22] and the result met the statistical portion of the suitability of the model (Table 2)
The Model is considered optimum because Modification Indices (MI) does not propose any addition of error covariance that can increase model goodness of fit, and increase validity and reliability model construct significantly
Summary
Campus generally has an economic appeal; around campus will be attractive for various businesses. The concentration of activities at the same time and space could potentially raise various problems, such as disruption to the teaching-learning process, the loss of open green space, destroying the environment as a result of the provision of parking facilities, as well as the impact on health of the campus community. The active role of campus is very important to achieve sustainable campus transportation, to keep the quality of life of the campus community, as well as people living around it, and to reduce the environmental impact as a result of the use of motor vehicles [1]. Campus is the right environment to experiment and to implement transport policy changes, as well as having authority with respect to the management of transportation facilities in the campus [2].
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