Integration of Religion and Spirituality Into Culturally Responsible School Psychology Practice

Abstract

Religion and spirituality (RS) are distinct, often overlapping constructs that are deeply meaningful to many people in the United States. In this conceptual review, the importance of RS in school psychology is highlighted based on the Culturally Responsible Dual Factor Model of mental health, which emphasizes well-being along with symptom reduction. Given that RS are positively associated with several measures of well-being and negatively associated with many risky or harmful behaviors, RS can be supported in the school system as a protective factor. Equally important is, through a culturally responsible lens, psychological services can be readjusted to foster a safe school climate for students marginalized based on their religious orientation and provide opportunities for religious students to use their beliefs and communities as a resource. After presenting examples of RS integrated tiered services, recommendations are provided in relation to school psychology training and research. Impact Statement Religion is an essential factor of cultural responsibility due to its substantial influence on the values, beliefs, identity, and behavior of students, families, school personnel, and community members. Fostering spiritual development can be an effective way to promote well-being among students.