Integration of hydrogen technology and energy management comparison for DC-Microgrid including renewable energies and energy storage system

Abstract

Microgrids-based distributed energy resources DERs have an electrical revolution, especially in the electrification zones and clean energy. This paper proposes a comparative energy management study of an isolated direct current micro-grid DCMG, which consists of two primary sources, a photovoltaic PV and wind turbine WT generator working at the maximum power point MPP to extract the maximum available, then an energy storage system ESS-based lead-acid batteries to assuring the DC-bus stability. A backup device based on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC to ensure the system’s reliability avoids the blackout scenario, adding to power electronic converters for the flexible relationship of the system elements, and a community residential as hybrid loads. This comparative study is based on classical techniques: classical PI CPI and state machine strategy SM; intelligent methods such as fuzzy logic rule FLC and artificial neural network ANN; moreover, two optimization methods equivalent consumption minimization strategy ECMS and external energy maximization strategy EEMS. The full Matlab/Simulink model has been developed to check the performance of the proposed system and energy management strategies for actual load and weather conditions. Simulation results based comparison show that the optimization methods are enhanced the system performance, DC-bus stability and minimize the overall system cost by reducing the hydrogen consumption.