Abstract
The expected growth of the number of electric vehicles can be challenging for planning and operating power systems. In this sense, distribution networks are considered the Achilles’ heel of the process of adapting current power systems for a high presence of electric vehicles. This paper aims at deciding the maximum number of three-phase high-power charging points that can be installed in a low-voltage residential distribution grid. In order to increase the number of installed charging points, a mixed-integer formulation is proposed to model the provision of decentralized voltage support by electric vehicle chargers. This formulation is afterwards integrated into a modified AC optimal power flow formulation to characterize the steady-state operation of the distribution network during a given planning horizon. The performance of the proposed formulations have been tested in a case study based on the distribution network of La Graciosa island in Spain.
Highlights
A massive presence of electric vehicles may endanger the operation of distribution systems [1].If a large number of electric vehicles is charged in a non-coordinated manner, undervoltage phenomena can happen, jeopardizing the stability of the distribution networks, [2]
This paper has presented a non-linear mixed-integer formulation for deciding the maximum number of charging points of electric vehicles that can be installed in a low-voltage distribution network
In order to increase the number of charging points, it has been considered that charging points are able to provide voltage support by injecting reactive power if voltage magnitudes are lower than a specified value
Summary
A massive presence of electric vehicles may endanger the operation of distribution systems [1].If a large number of electric vehicles is charged in a non-coordinated manner, undervoltage phenomena can happen, jeopardizing the stability of the distribution networks, [2]. The easiest, but most aggressive manner to protect the distribution network operation, is to curtail the active power demand consumed by electricity end users when the normal operation of distribution networks is at danger To prevent from this drastic measure, a wide number of smart charging procedures able to reduce the simultaneous charge of electric vehicles have been proposed during recent years [3,4]. These types of procedures need the presence of a central operator in charge of deciding at which time each electric vehicle may be charged or not. These procedures reduce the control of electric vehicle users over the initiation, duration and completion of the charging processes of their vehicles
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