Abstract
The present study firstly proposed a method of integrated utilization of sewage sludge (SS) and coal gangue (CG), two waste products, for cement clinker products with the aim of heat recovery and environment protection. The results demonstrated that the incremental amounts of SS and CG addition was favorable for the formation of tricalcium silicate (C3S) during the calcinations, but excess amount of SS addition could cause the impediment effect on C3S formation. Furthermore, it was also observed that the C3S polymorphs showed the transition from rhombohedral to monoclinic structure as SS addition was increased to 15 wt %. During the calcinations, most of trace elements could be immobilized especially Zn and cannot be easily leached out. Given the encouraging results in the present study, the co-process of sewage sludge and coal gangue in the cement kiln can be expected with a higher quality of cement products and minimum pollution to the environment.
Highlights
With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, various solid wastes accumulate year by year, occupying land and causing serious environment problems.Traditional waste disposal methods, such as pile up or landfill, have proven to be of low efficiency, a waste of resources and even environmentally harmful
The present results clearly demonstrate that sewage sludge and coal gangue can be used successfully as alternative materials and fuel in clinker manufacturing at the laboratory scale
Appropriate sewage sludge (SS) and coal gangue (CG) addition could be beneficial to C3 S formation while excess SS addition had the negative effect
Summary
With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, various solid wastes accumulate year by year, occupying land and causing serious environment problems. The increasing shortage of resources and the negative impact on the environment, seen from a global perspective motivated the present work with respect to finding efficient process route toward waste utilization Among these solid wastes, sewage sludge (SS) and coal gangue (CG) are two typical common wastes generated. The use of SS or CG in cement kiln offers multiple advantages such as reduced use of primary raw materials, lower fuel consumption and significant reduction in CO2 emission This integrated activity can produce additional revenue to subsidize government waste disposal. The present studies are expected to provide a method of integrated utilization of SS and CG in cement industry, which can save energy and resources, and improve trace elements immobilization at the same time
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