Abstract
Aging is closely related to the occurrence of human diseases; however, its exact biological mechanism is unclear. Advancements in high-throughput technology provide new opportunities for omics research to understand the pathological process of various complex human diseases. However, single-omics technologies only provide limited insights into the biological mechanisms of diseases. DNA, RNA, protein, metabolites, and microorganisms usually play complementary roles and perform certain biological functions together. In this review, we summarize multi-omics methods based on the most relevant biomarkers in single-omics to better understand molecular functions and disease causes. The integration of multi-omics technologies can systematically reveal the interactions among aging molecules from a multidimensional perspective. Our review provides new insights regarding the discovery of aging biomarkers, mechanism of aging, and identification of novel antiaging targets. Overall, data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, integromics, microbiomics, and systems biology contribute to the identification of new candidate biomarkers for aging and novel targets for antiaging interventions.
Highlights
In 2019, there were an estimated 702 million people aged ≥65 years according to world population prospects 2019: Highlights, accounting for 9.1% of the world population.The aged population grows at approximately 3% per year
Since the ideal biological age estimation method should be comprehensive and complete, we suggest an integrative approach based on multi-omics technologies for aging biomarkers and novel antiaging targets
The multi-level information obtained through multi-omics technology contributes to the increased understanding of the mechanisms of aging and provides new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of aging and aging-related diseases
Summary
In 2019, there were an estimated 702 million people aged ≥65 years according to world population prospects 2019: Highlights, accounting for 9.1% of the world population. The idea of “healthy lifestyles and environments” comes from the observation of geographical clusters of centenarians around the world, with five identified “longevity hotspots” known as Blue Zones, which are located in Sardinia (Italy), Okinawa (Japan), Loma Linda (California), Nicoya (Costa Rica), and Ikaria (Greece) Their lifestyles and environments are possibly more conducive to longevity than those of Biomolecules 2022, 12, 39. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 39 the rest of the world The populations in these areas are characterized by having an active, stress-free lifestyle, strong community bonds, and spirituality. We integrate aging biomarkers of different omics levels to better discover novel targets for antiaging interventions. These promising aging biomarkers could be useful for clinical research
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