Integrated Control Strategy for Islanded Operation in Smart Grids: Virtual Inertia and Ancillary Services

Abstract

Distributed generation has become a consolidated phenomenon in distribution grids in the last few years. Even though the matter is very articulated and complex, islanding operation of distribution grids is being considered as a possible measure to improve service continuity. In this paper, a novel static converter control strategy to obtain frequency and voltage regulation in an islanded distribution grid is proposed. Two situations are investigated: in the former, one electronic converter and one synchronous generator are present, while in the latter only static generation is available. In the first case, converter control will realize virtual inertia and efficient frequency regulation by mean of a PID regulator; this approach allows to emulate high equivalent inertia, hence limiting the rate of change of frequency and maximum frequency deviation, and, in the meantime, to obtain faster frequency regulation, which could not be possible with traditional regulators. In the second situation, a Master–Slave approach will be adopted to maximize frequency and voltage stability. Even though the presented results are obtained in a grid with only two generators, the proposed approach can be extended to more general configurations with few generation units. Simulation results confirm that the proposed control allows islanded operation with high frequency and voltage stability under heavy load variations.