Abstract
The intestine is not only an important digestive organ but also an important immune organ for shrimp; it plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a new type of shrimp-lethal virus that has received extensive attention in recent years. To date, most studies of the shrimp intestinal immune response under viral infections have relied on single omics analyses; there is a lack of systematic multi-omics research. In the current study, intestinal mRNA-seq and microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses of Marsupenaeus japonicus under DIV1 infection were performed. A total of 1,976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, 21 DEMs were negatively correlated with 194 DEGs from a total of 223 correlations. Functional annotation analysis revealed that M. japonicus can regulate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate), vitamin metabolism (retinol metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism), immune pathway activation (Toll and IMD signaling pathways, Wnt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway), immunity enzyme activity promotion (triose-phosphate isomerase), antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis through miRNAs to participate in the host’s antiviral immune response, while DIV1 can influence Warburg effect-related pathways (pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle), glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related pathways (glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—globo and isoglobo series and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—lacto and neolacto series), and the tight junction and adhesion junction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium through the host’s miRNAs and mRNA to promote its own invasion and replication. These results indicate that intestinal miRNAs play important roles in the shrimp immune response against DIV1 infection. This study provides a basis for further study of the shrimp intestinal antiviral immune response and for the formulation of effective new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DIV1 infection.
Highlights
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the total world production of farmed shrimp exceeded 5,700 thousand tonnes in 2018 [1]
There are more than 20 kinds of shrimp viral pathogens that have been discovered globally, including the common white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) [2], infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) [3], yellow head virus (YHV) [4], and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) [5]
The results showed that shrimp can resist Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) infection by regulating the expression of triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), caspases, Ctype lectins, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), crustins, and other immune genes [11,12,13,14, 22]
Summary
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the total world production of farmed shrimp exceeded 5,700 thousand tonnes in 2018 [1]. The shrimp farming industry has become an important pillar industry within the aquaculture industry. As the production and density of shrimp aquaculture continue to expand, various diseases, especially viral diseases, occur more frequently. There are more than 20 kinds of shrimp viral pathogens that have been discovered globally, including the common white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) [2], infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) [3], yellow head virus (YHV) [4], and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) [5]. New shrimp viruses continue to be discovered. The diseases caused by these newly discovered viruses spread rapidly around the world and cause serious economic losses to coastal farmers
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