Integrated 3D geological analysis of hydrocarbon maturation and migration in rift basins: Insights from the Niger Chad Basin

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon maturation and migration in rift basins, with a particular focus on the Niger Chad Basin. The research employs advanced geological techniques, including 3D modelling, to provide essential insights. The use of 3D modelling techniques enhances the reliability of source rock data by accurately predicting vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and temperature values. This validation highlights the crucial importance of robust source rock characterization in hydrocarbon exploration. The role of fault systems in hydrocarbon drainage and accumulation is a prominent finding, with large-scale intra-basinal faults directing basin dynamics effectively. The timing of hydrocarbon generation relative to seal formation emerges as a pivotal factor affecting oil trapping, emphasizing the temporal aspects of petroleum system elements. The Madama Sandstone Formation plays a dual role as a reservoir rock and conduit for oil transmission, underscoring its significance in the hydrocarbon system. Its extensive lateral spread facilitates hydrocarbon drainage, revealing valuable insights into rift basin dynamics. In the future, further research should delve into the intricate interactions within rift basin systems, focusing on fault systems, source rocks, and reservoir rocks. Investigating the influence of lateral lithostratigraphic heterogeneity on hydrocarbon migration pathways is essential. Moreover, applying 3D modelling techniques to diverse rift basins worldwide will broaden our understanding of hydrocarbon maturation and migration, facilitating more precise resource assessments and exploration strategies. This research advances informed decision-making in hydrocarbon exploration and production.