Insuficiencia cardíaca aguda

Abstract

DefinitionHeart failure is a syndrome produced by a decrease in the heart's pumping capacity that entails signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure and low cardiac output. It is a severe medical condition that requires urgent therapy. Clinical manifestationsIt may occur as a new-onset heart failure or as a decompensation of previous chronic heart failure. Acute myocardial dysfunction (ischaemic, inflammatory or toxic), acute valve insufficiency and pericardial tamponade are among the most frequent acute primary cardiac causes of heart failure. Diagnosis and treatmentThe main medical tests that must be performed are: ECG, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, and laboratory assessment with natriuretic peptides. Treatment and clinical diagnosis must be made simultaneously, mainly to restore hemodynamic stability, taking care of the triggering factors as well. Depending on the clinical manifestations the treatment may include diuretic, vasodilator, vasopressor, and inotropic agents. Ventilatory and mechanical circulatory support may also be needed.