Instantaneous dynamics and localization near exceptional point in breathing solitons

Abstract

We report the instantaneous dynamics of breathing soliton near exceptional point (EP) and propose the nonlinear non-Hermitian coupling model in gain nonlinearity systems. In such nonlinear systems, the mode intensity change is weakened by gain nonlinearity, and the relative phase displays localization in probability distribution. Moreover, such localization can be enhanced by EPs, which is helpful for EP sensing. Experiments and simulations are carried out in breathing soliton lasers. We find that the instantaneous breathing frequency and the relative phase are time-varying near EP. Meanwhile, the distribution of the relative phase displays localization as the theoretical prediction. These results not only are important to the nonlinear science but also can help to understand the EP properties, especially for the application of breathing soliton systems for EP sensing.