Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases poses a threat to living organisms, and led to serious concern to humankind and public health. The last two decades, viral epidemics such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) reported in the years 2002–2003, and H1N1 influenza (Swine flu) in 2009, middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) from Saudi Arabia in 2012, Ebola virus in 2014–2016, and Zika virus in 2015. The recent outbreak of 2019-CoV-2 or severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or 2019 disease, COVID-19) in Dec 2019, from, Wuhan city of China, has severe implications of health concerns to the whole world, due to global spread and high health risk. More than 423349 deaths had occurred globally and is still increasing every day. The whole world is under a health emergency, and people are advised to stay at their homes to avoid the spread of person-to-person infection, and advised to maintain social distancing. The advancement in clinical diagnosis techniques like Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), immunological, microscopy, and geographic information system (GIS) mapping technology helped in tacking the rapid diagnosis and tracking viral infection in a short period. In the same way, artificial intelligence (AI), combinatorial chemistry, and deep learning approaches help to find novel therapeutics in less time and wide applicability in biomedical research. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has started the clinical trials of investigation COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, we can expect vaccines to be available for this deadly disease in the coming few months.
Highlights
Due to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 from Wuhan, China, and its spread to the different countries
Within the period of last 17 years, there has been the emergence of two new SARS virus (CoV and SARS-CoV-2) which creates attention to think about the reasons for the development of new strains [5] and evolution of new novel virus can be modeled through modification of the virus to avoid their risk to human transmission [6]
What should be the base for intra and interspecies movement of the pathogenic microorganism? In the review, by Vincent et al, (2007), the authors indicated that like SARS and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) might undergo the genetic mutation and recombination to convert into more virulent form
Summary
Due to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, China, and its spread to the different countries. Understanding the role of civet in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), and camel in middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), an outbreak of Ebola in Central Africa [2] This provides the avenues in terms of pathogenesis, design of diagnostic, antiviral, and vaccine to control high risk emerging infection [3]. Clinical studies had indicated that chloroquine phosphate efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19 disease affected Pneumonia This drug has been included in the multicenter clinical trials in China [11] and been approved by the FDA for US patients. The advancement in detection method and geographic information system (GIS) mapping technology based tracking has helped in the rapid spread analysis of COVID-19 cases Such data has been updated on various online resources [17] (Table 1)
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