Abstract
BackgroundTartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible crop with excellent economic and nutritional value. The development of tartary buckwheat seeds is a very complex process involving many expression-dependent physiological changes and regulation of a large number of genes and phytohormones. In recent years, the gene regulatory network governing the physiological changes occurring during seed development have received little attention.ResultsHere, we characterized the seed development of tartary buckwheat using light and electron microscopy and measured phytohormone and nutrient accumulation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by profiling the expression of key genes using RNA sequencing with the support of the tartary buckwheat genome. We first divided the development of tartary buckwheat seed into five stages that include complex changes in development, morphology, physiology and phytohormone levels. At the same time, the contents of phytohormones (gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and zeatin) and nutrients (rutin, starch, total proteins and soluble sugars) at five stages were determined, and their accumulation patterns in the development of tartary buckwheat seeds were analyzed. Second, gene expression patterns of tartary buckwheat samples were compared during three seed developmental stages (13, 19, and 25 days postanthesis, DPA), and 9 765 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. We analyzed the overlapping DEGs in different sample combinations and measured 665 DEGs in the three samples. Furthermore, expression patterns of DEGs related to phytohormones, flavonoids, starch, and storage proteins were analyzed. Third, we noted the correlation between the trait (physiological changes, nutrient changes) and metabolites during seed development, and discussed the key genes that might be involved in the synthesis and degradation of each of them.ConclusionWe provided abundant genomic resources for tartary buckwheat and Polygonaceae communities and revealed novel molecular insights into the correlations between the physiological changes and seed development of tartary buckwheat.
Highlights
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible crop with excellent economic and nutritional value
By analyzing the correlation between nutrient changes and seed development, we determined the gene regulatory network controlling the accumulation of rutin, starch, storage protein and soluble sugars during the development of tartary buckwheat seeds and analyzed the key genes
In recent years, the gene regulatory network governing the physiological changes occurring during seed development have receive little attention
Summary
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible crop with excellent economic and nutritional value. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) comprises twenty different species of extensively cultivated medicinal and edible crop species with excellent economic and nutritional values [1, 2]. Tartary buckwheat was domesticated in East Asia and is cultivated in Europe and North America [3]. Today, it is common in the Himalayan region and Southwest China, such as Sichuan Province. Tartary buckwheat seeds are a rich source of four B vitamins, dietary fiber, protein and a variety of minerals, in which niacin, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus content is high (adopted from USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/). Tartary buckwheat seeds are known for their high rutin content, which has been proven to be effective in preventing liver injury and especially inflammatory liver injury [4]
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