Abstract
In this study we present and discuss gravity and ground deformation variations, at different time scales, observed in a wide mesh absolute gravity and GNSS network set up in central Italy. The network was installed in the area affected by the 2009 (L’Aquila; Mw 6.1) and 2016 (Amatrice-Norcia; Mw 6.0 and 6.5) seismic activity, in order to verify if gravity and ground deformation variations could be related to seismic effects. The new network includes 5 stations distributed between the Lazio, Umbria, and Abruzzo regions. From 2018 to 2020 three campaigns were carried out using the transportable Micro-g LaCoste FG5#238 and the portable Micro-g LaCoste A10#39 absolute gravimeters and completed with two simultaneous GNSS measurements. Topographic instruments, measurement and analysis techniques enabling accurate measurements in the positioning of the stations and to control their variations over time were applied. The high reliability and accuracy of the absolute gravity data gathered, after being corrected for known effects, showed a negative short-term (2018–2020) pattern throughout the area, up to −30 µGal. Since some stations of the new network coincided with benchmarks already measured in the past, an analysis of long-term gravity changes was carried out and a fair degree of stability was observed in two stations, while positive large variations, of approximately 70 and 157 µGal, were recorded in the other two stations in the time intervals 1954–2020 and 2005–2010, respectively. On the other hand, variations highlighted by GNSS height measurements were all below 3 cm. Here, the first long-lasting gravity measurements carried out with absolute gravimeters in a seismic area in Italy are presented, providing meaningful geophysical information. The obtained results, in terms of availability of a combined absolute gravity and GNSS network, definition of data acquisition and analysis procedures, as well as creation of a high quality data archive, lay the foundations for a multidisciplinary approach towards improving the knowledge of this seismogenetic area of Italy.
Highlights
Knowledge of the gravity field has a wide range of applications in the geosciences.The measurement of time-variable gravity is a powerful approach for the detection of space/time variations in underground mass distributions, such as those related to seismic crustal deformations, volcanic dynamics/eruptions, and water transfer
This paper focuses on the results of the absolute gravity and GNSS measurements carried out on a wide mesh network installed in central Italy and measured during three field surveys in the period June 2018–October 2020
Large-scale gravity changes observed over long-medium terms, encompassing the 2009 and 2016 earthquakes in central Italy, contain information related to the earthquakes’
Summary
Knowledge of the gravity field has a wide range of applications in the geosciences. The measurement of time-variable gravity is a powerful approach for the detection of space/time variations in underground mass distributions, such as those related to seismic crustal deformations, volcanic dynamics/eruptions, and water transfer. Gravity changes associated with all these processes occur over a wide range of time scales, from minutes to years, and with different amplitudes. Gravity and physical height are closely connected to the gravity potential of the Earth’s gravity field. Absolute gravimetry provides accurate starting values for gravity surveys, and GNSS allows estimation of precise point positioning on the Earth’s surface. Crustal deformation data, obtained through different geodetic methods, are often used in
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