Abstract
Chelators including DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) and oxalic acid were selected for inducing phytoextraction of heavy metals (HMs) from Pb-, Tl-, and Pb-Tl- contaminated soil, in which heavy metals leakage was highly remarkable. Results showed that compared with the control group without chelating agent under planting conditions, the extraction efficiency (i.e., uptake coefficient) of Pb, Tl increased by 86%, 43% from Pb-Tl- contaminated soil in the presence of oxalic acid, and there was no significant change in heavy metal leakage under rainfall conditions. It was the best phytoremediation scheme in this work. Under rainfall conditions, the HMs concentration in the leachate showed a linear decreasing trend. Acid rain promoted the leakage of heavy metals, and the average leached amount of Tl increased by 1.47 times under acid rain conditions. However, for Pb, DTPA was the main influencing factor, followed by acid rain.
Highlights
The excessive release of heavy metals (HMs) from industries results in soil contamination, which is a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health [1,2], and is becoming a global environmental problem
Plant extraction efficiency and heavy metal leakage are related to chelating agent type, soil pollution type, and rainfall characteristics
Compared with the control group without chelating agent under planting conditions, the extraction efficiency of Pb, Tl increased by 86%, 43% from Pb-Tl
Summary
The excessive release of heavy metals (HMs) from industries results in soil contamination, which is a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health [1,2], and is becoming a global environmental problem. Methods of soil remediation are highly concerned. Among all the remediation methods, phytoextraction, which uses plants to extract HMs from soil, has been widely applied due to its economic and environmental benefits [3,4]. Hyperaccumulators and tolerant plants have been extensively concerned in phytoextraction processes [5]. Though hyperaccumulators show good performance in HMs extraction and transference, their applications are often limited by their low biomass and poor environmental adaptability [6,7,8]. The unit efficiency of absorbing heavy metals is low, due to the high biomass, the total amount of HM absorption can be comparable to that of hyperaccumulators
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