Abstract
The main aim of this investigation was to study the interaction of sulfated xylans as antithrombotic substances with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) model films as a model for blood contacting surfaces. The adsorption of sulfated xylans onto PET model films was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique. The application of positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) as an anchoring polymer was done to improve the adsorption. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of functionalized PET surfaces were monitored by goniometry, whilst their elemental composition was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sulfated xylans adsorbed favorably at pH 5 by physical interactions and by entropy gain driven adsorption. Higher ionic strengths of solutions improved adsorption, due to the reduction of electrostatic repulsive forces between PET surfaces and anionic xylans’ macromolecules. The intermediate PEI layer caused more extensive and stable adsorption due to Coulomb interactions. The surface modifications presented in this work provided important information regarding the adsorption/desorption phenomena between antithrombotic sulfated xylans and PET surfaces. The latter is of great interest when preparing advanced polymer composite material such as functional antithrombotic PET surfaces for blood-contacting medical devices and presents an extremely challenging research field.
Highlights
The development of advanced polymer hemocompatible biomaterials is of extreme importance, due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases and their complications are among the main reasons for deaths in the developed world [1,2]
As a substance derived from mammalian sources, heparin might be contaminated with animal proteins or pathogenic agents that could cause allergies or some immunity disorders [6]
In our previous work [32], where the study regarding the interaction of carboxymethylated xylans with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was presented, it has been pointed out that optimal conditions for stable and efficient carboxymethylated xylan adsorption for PET materials with final hydrophilic character may be precisely established
Summary
The development of advanced polymer hemocompatible biomaterials is of extreme importance, due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases and their complications are among the main reasons for deaths in the developed world [1,2]. In our previous work [32], where the study regarding the interaction of carboxymethylated xylans with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces using QCM-D was presented, it has been pointed out that optimal conditions for stable and efficient carboxymethylated xylan adsorption for PET materials with final hydrophilic character may be precisely established. With this knowledge behind, it became clear that with similar approach of interaction study between sulfated xylans and poly(ethylene therephtalate) (PET), the optimal chemical conditions for adsorption and for the accurate design of functional coatings for blood-contacting medical devices, might be developed. The results obtained in this study are important for expanding the potential use of these anionic polysaccharides integrated into advanced composite materials designed to improve or enhance the functionality of medical devices and, to extend their use
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