Insertion Torque (IT) and Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) Assessment in Dental Implants with and without Healing Chambers: A Polyurethane In Vitro Study

Abstract

Primary Stability (PS) depends on different factors, such as bone structure (quality and density), implant characteristics (macro and micro), and the relationship between thread shape and implant insertion hole size. PS is crucial for the prognosis and success of dental implants. The use of healing chambers, which create empty spaces between the implant and peri-implant bone, helps reduce the risk of compressive bone necrosis. High Insertion Torque (IT) values could potentially lead to the deterioration of the implant-abutment connection. However, the optimal implant macro-structure and IT values remain unknown. In this study, implants with healing chambers (Test) and without (Control) were inserted into polyurethane blocks with densities of 10, 20, 30, and 40 pounds per cubic foot (PCF). In blocks with densities of 30 and 40 PCF, Control implants had significantly higher IT values than Test implants. Additionally, Control implants exhibited significantly higher Removal Torque (RT) values than Test implants, but only in the 30 PCF density block (p < 0.0001). However, no differences were found between the implants in the 10, 20, and 40 PCF density blocks. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values between the Test and Control implants. The results of the present study confirm that adding healing chambers to the macro-structure of dental implants can significantly reduce IT values without affecting ISQ values. This suggests the potential for avoiding compression and damage to peri-implant bone while maintaining consistent levels of PS.