Insensitive ionic energetic salts and a green metal-free primary explosive based on furazan-triazole

Abstract

To balance the properties and stability of the energetic materials, the synthesis of the new energetic materials 3-amino-4-(4-amino-5-hydrazine-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl) furazan and its energetic salts were reported which show excellent performance and safety. Also, the azo compound 1,2-bis(4-(5-azido-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) -furazan-3-yl) was prepared and got two -N3 groups unexpectedly. All the new compounds were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis (EA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the structure of compounds 2, 4, 7 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray date shows that energetic salts have extensive hydrogen bonds which are good to the stability of these energetic salts, and it also shows that azo compound has two conformations. In order to get detonation properties of these synthesized compounds, EXPLO5 was used to calculate. According to the calculated results, all ionic salts are inductive energetic materials with good detonation performances (D= 8064-8698m s−1, P= 25.8-31.8GPa) and azo compound has the detonation speed of 8190 m s−1 and achieved the detonation pressure at 24.9GPa. Additionally, the azo compound was tested through the initiation test which shows that it has good detonation ability, has the chance to be the green metal-free primary explosive.