Synthesis of Two Series of Isomeric Triazolo-Triazine Fused Energetic Salts: High Thermal Stability, Insensitivity, and High Performances

Abstract

In recent years, the safety of energetic materials has attracted more and more attention. How to design and synthesize heat-resistant and insensitive energetic materials has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, two series of energetic salts based on isomeric triamino triazolo-triazine fused-ring compounds were designed and synthesized by incorporating oxygen-rich anions (such as NO3– or ClO4–) with nitrogen-rich energetic cations. All of the new compounds were fully characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Decomposition temperatures (Td) of isomeric perchlorate salts 3 and 9 are 315 and 364 °C, respectively. Their different properties, densities and molecular stabilities are rationally explained based on crystal structures and packing patterns. Meanwhile, perchlorate 9 has the highest decomposition temperature and good detonation performance (D = 8485 m s–1, P = 27.7 GPa), which is superior to HNS and PYX and suggests that it could be applied as a heat-resistant insensitive explosive.