Abstract
BackgroundMosquitoes are important vectors of several diseases, including malaria and dengue, and control measures are mostly performed using chemical insecticides. Unfortunately, mosquito resistance to commonly applied insecticides is widespread. Therefore, a prospection for new molecules with insecticidal activity based on Amazon biodiversity using the anurans Leptodactylus knudseni and Phyllomedusa vaillantii was performed against the mosquito species Anopheles darlingi and Aedes aegypti.MethodsThe granular secretion from anuran skin was obtained by manual stimulation, and lethal concentrations (LCs) for larvicidal and adulticidal tests were calculated using concentrations from 1-100 ppm. The skin secretions from the anuran species tested caused significant mortality within the first 24 hours on adults and larvae, but differed within the mosquito species.ResultsThe skin secretions from the anuran species tested caused significant mortality within the first 24 hours on adults and larvae, but differed within the mosquito species. The calculated LC50 of L. knudseni skin secretions against An. darlingi was 0.15 and 0.2 ppm for adults and larvae, respectively, but much higher for Ae. aegypti, i.e., 19 and 38 ppm, respectively. Interestingly, the calculated LCs50 of P. vaillantii against both mosquito species in adults were similar, 1.8 and 2.1 ppm, respectively, but the LC50 for An. darlingi larvae was much lower (0.4 ppm) than for Ae aegypti (2.1 ppm).ConclusionsThe present experiments indicate that skin secretions from L. knudseni and P. vaillantii contain bioactive molecules with potent insecticide activity. The isolation and characterization of skin secretions components will provide new insights for potential insecticidal molecules.
Highlights
Mosquitoes are important vectors of several diseases, including malaria and dengue, and control measures are mostly performed using chemical insecticides
Malaria mosquito resistance surveillance data from 87 countries indicated that 45 of them reported resistance to at least one insecticide used as malaria control, including pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates [2]
The Amazon fauna provides the highest number of anuran species in the world and venom glands from frogs contain a variety of substances with pharmaceutical effects against tropical diseases including malaria and leishmaniasis [6,7]
Summary
Mosquitoes are important vectors of several diseases, including malaria and dengue, and control measures are mostly performed using chemical insecticides. Mosquito resistance to commonly applied insecticides is widespread. A prospection for new molecules with insecticidal activity based on Amazon biodiversity using the anurans Leptodactylus knudseni and Phyllomedusa vaillantii was performed against the mosquito species Anopheles darlingi and Aedes aegypti. Mosquitoes are important vectors of several diseases, including malaria and dengue fever [1]. In Brazil, most of Vector control is mostly performed using insecticides, but, vector resistance is widespread among mosquitoes. The Amazon fauna provides the highest number of anuran species in the world and venom glands from frogs contain a variety of substances with pharmaceutical effects against tropical diseases including malaria and leishmaniasis [6,7]
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