Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records

José Albertíno Rafael ,Denis De Oliveira Cavalheiro,Marcelo Peixoto Gomes Da Silva,Itanna Oliveira Fernandes,Thiago Mahlmann,Sandra Duque Dos Santos,Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa,Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues Fernandes,Raphael Aquino Heleodoro,Alexssandro Camargo,Rosaly Ale-Rocha,José Osvaldo Silva-Júnior,Élison Fabrício Bezerra Lima,Márcia Souto Couri,Renato José Pires Machado,Diego Matheus De Mello Mendes,Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques,Lucas Roberto Pereira Gomes,Heloísa Fernandes Flores,Marco Silva Gottschalk,Alexandre Somavilla,Roger William Hutchings,Ayr De Moura Bello,Daniela Maeda Takiya,Douglas Zeppelini,Vera Cristina Silva,Fabio Siqueira Pitaluga De Godoi,Mirna Martins Casagrande,Estevam Cipriano Araújo De Lima,Rafael Sobral,Sheila Pereira De Lima,Ângelo Parise Pinto,Gil Felipe Gonçalves Miranda,Angélico Asenjo,Matheus Mickael Mota Soares,Paschoal Coelho Grossi,Paula Jéssica Costa Pinto,Alberto Moreira Da Silva Neto,Francisco Limeira-De-Oliveira,Cátia Antunes De Mello-Patiu,Robson Crepes Corrêa,Camila Dalmorra,Marcela Laura Monné ,Míriam Silva Rafael ,Miguel A Monné ,Eduardo Carneiro Dos Santos ,Francisco José Sosa Duque ,Fernando Zagury Vaz-De-Mello ,Pedro R Bartholomay ,Marcelo Cutrim ,Daniele R Parizotto ,Cláudio José Barros De Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0052

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hexapods, commonly known as insects, are a neglected taxonomic group in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with unanswered questions about their species richness and the ecological processes in which they are involved (e.g., colonization, introduction, establishment, and extinction). Herein, we provide an updated Hexapod checklist with current nomenclatural combinations. The entomofauna of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago is currently composed of 453 species in 21 orders. The orders, and their respective number of species, are: Blattaria (9), Coleoptera (118), Collembola (29), Dermaptera (3), Diplura (1), Diptera (134), Embioptera (1), Hemiptera (29), Hymenoptera (59), Isoptera (2), Lepidoptera (25), Mantodea (1), Neuroptera (3), Odonata (5), Orthoptera (11), Phasmatodea (1), Phthiraptera (6), Psocoptera (3), Siphonaptera (1), Thysanoptera (10), and Zygentoma (2). The archipelago has 263 new taxon records (family + genera + species). Thirty-eight species (3.39%) were described from local specimens and most of them are likely endemic species. This study more than doubles our knowledge (from the previous 190 records) of the entomofauna in this large Brazilian archipelago. This study also provides a baseline for studies on its conservation status and for implementing future environmental management programs.

Highlights

The Brazilian oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is located in the equatorial South Atlantic region (Fig. 1A)
There are 21 orders and 179 families currently recorded from the Fernando de Noronha archipelago (Table 1)
We believe this genus was a misidentification, with this previous record of Machilis referring to a species of Nicoletiidae, very common under stones in the archipelago, and that the order Archaeognatha is not present in Fernando de Noronha

Summary

Introduction

The Brazilian oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is located in the equatorial South Atlantic region (latitude 3o45’S to 3o57’S; longitude 32o19’W to 32o41’W) (Fig. 1A). It is under the jurisdiction of the state of Pernambuco, but it is a federal preservation area (i.e., National Park) under management of the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio (agency of the Brazilian Ministry of Environment). In 1737, fortifications were built, and the archipelago was transformed into a penal colony for almost 200 years. Afterwards, significant changes were observed in the archipelago due to:

Methods

Results

Conclusion