Abstract
ABSTRACT In March 1986, in-place oil-burning tests were conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in Leonardo, New Jersey. These tests culminated a three-year effort to explore the range of conditions under which in-place burning of oil is possible in broken-ice conditions. Four tests were conducted in the OHMSETT test tank in a 42 m2 area, and 19 follow-on tests were conducted in a 1 m2 pan. The tank tests used Hibernia A and Prudhoe Bay crude oils. The oil was burned in an area having 60% to 75% ice cover. In tests with Hibernia A, both neat and aerated to raise the flash point to 14° C, a total of 65% to 75% of the oil was removed by burning. The neat Prudhoe Bay crude was aerated to a flash point of 46° C and only allowed removal of 18% of the oil. An emulsion of 9% Sandy Hook Bay water and 91% Hibernia crude burned, removing 55% of the emulsion. The pan tests used four crude oils in neat, aerated, and emulsified conditions. These included Prudhoe Bay, Hibernia A, Hibernia B, and Hibernia C crude oils. The pan tests confirmed trends observed in the tank tests: the removal efficiency of burning decreases by the presence of water in the oil and as the flash point of the oil increases. This phenomenon may be attributed to changes in chemical composition and loss of more volatile (flammable) components of the oil. These tests were sponsored by the OHMSETT Interagency Technical Committee, which includes representatives from the U.S. Minerals Management Service, Canadian Environmental Protection Service, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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