Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat grown under no-tillage system and submitted to different doses and methods of inoculation with Azospirillum spp. Eight treatments were tested: 1) control; 2) half N dose; 3) full dose of N; 4) half N dose + standarded inoculation by seeds (200 mL ha-1); 5) half N dose + in-furrow inoculation (200 mL ha-1); 6) half N dose + in furrow inoculation (300 mL ha-1); 7) half N dose + inoculation by foliar spraying (200 m ha-1) and 8) half N dose + inoculation by foliar spraying (300 mL ha-1). The following parameters were evaluated: number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, shoot dry biomass, weight of thousand seed mass, hectoliter weight, nitrogen content in grains, nitrogen content in shoot dry matter as well as crop yield. Our results showed that the supply of the half dose of mineral N associated to foliar inoculation with Azospirillum at the dose of 300 mL ha-1 provided positive results on wheat yield, confirming the bacterial ability to fix N. However, only the full mineral N fertilization stood out as the best N fertilization management.
Highlights
Over the last decade, Brazil has imported aproximatlly half of its domestic wheat (Triticum aestivum) demand (CONAB, 2019a)
Over the last 40 years, a wide array of investigations have confirmed the potential of the free-living bacteria Azospirillum spp. as fertilizer that, besides N fixation (Dobereiner & Day, 1976; Hungria et al, 2010) is able to promote plant growth trough the production of phythormones (Dobbelaer et al.,1999; Fukami et al, 2018)
Wheat and corn management based on partial mineral N fertilization coppled with Azospirillum inoculation has shown to be able meet the entire N requirement of these crops (Hungria et al, 2010; Cunha & Caierão, 2014; Marks et al, 2015)
Summary
Brazil has imported aproximatlly half of its domestic wheat (Triticum aestivum) demand (CONAB, 2019a). It has been poorly investigated; this toxicity is likely to be found in the case of Azospirillum spp In this context, besides the standard seed and in-furrow applications, as free-living bacteria Azospirillum spp. can theoretically further be explored through foliar sprayings (Fukami et al, 2018). There is a need for further studies aiming at investigating inoculation methods that, compared to seed inoculation, minimize or avoid the direct contact between plant protection products and bacterial inoculum In this sense, this study addressed the efficiency of foliar and in-furrow inoculation of wheat grown in a field rich in soybean residues that, as organic matter, act as N source, nutrient whose availability may impair the bacterial N fixation
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