Abstract
War, often the catalyst for technological advances, can also provide the substrate for medical advancement. Lieutenant Colonel Henry K. Beecher’s article published in the Annals of Surgery in 1946 is a seminal paper in many respects. This historical paper by Beecher uses heralding methodology to challenge the pre-existing dogma of morphine treatment of pain from battle trauma and to use direct and precise observations to critically appraise the then current management. In doing so, he not only demonstrated early application of the scientific method to a pain problem, but also identified innovative concepts in pain management, concepts whose importance would only later be fully appreciated.
Published Version
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