Abstract
Paper describes and analyses new and innovative concept for possible integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy in urban water supply system (UWSS). Proposed system consists of PV generator and invertor, pump station and water reservoir. System is sized in such a manner that every his part is sized separately and after this integrated into a whole. This integration is desirable for several reasons, where the most important is the achievement of the objectives of sustainable living in urban areas i.e. achieving of sustainable urban water supply system. The biggest technological challenge associated with the use of solar, wind and other intermittent renewable energy sources RES is the realization of economically and environmentally friendly electric energy storage (EES). The paper elaborates the use of water reservoires in UWSS as EES. The proposed solution is still more expensive than the traditional and is economically acceptable today in the cases of isolated urban water system and special situations. Wider application will depend on the future trends of energy prices, construction costs of PV generators and needs for CO2 reduction by urban water infrastructure.
Highlights
The world today is faced with a growing number of inhabitants who concentrate in all major cities, mostly in the coastal marine zone (Roberts, 2011 and UNEP/PAP, 2007)
The question is whether there is a local solution to the use of green energy that would satisfy the rigorous criteria related to the reliability of the urban water supply system (UWSS) and contribute to the achievement of sustainability goals
It should be kept in mind that if PV generators for the UWSS are built in order to cover the needs of the most critical day of the planning period, in the other periods of the year they generate significant surpluses of electric energy according to the increase of solar irradiation
Summary
The world today is faced with a growing number of inhabitants who concentrate in all major cities, mostly in the coastal marine zone (Roberts, 2011 and UNEP/PAP, 2007). The question is whether there is a local solution to the use of green energy (stand alone system) that would satisfy the rigorous criteria related to the reliability of the UWSS and contribute to the achievement of sustainability goals This should be a solution that would use locally available RES and its own infrastructure system as energy storage, and if possible as energy resource. To intermittent RES, wind and solar sources RES-I, could be used with hydro, biomass and other stable RES-C, if available within or close to the urban area Such solution obviously requires reliable and economically affordable solution of energy storage and network; A possible solution is presented in this paper
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