Abstract
Comparative studies indicate that innovation activity in Poland is, in general, significantly below that of EU and in North-east it is below that of other parts of Poland. There is peripheral region with traditional structure of production and employment. The North-east remains one of the least innovative regions of Poland and enlarged EU. This is probably the result of the obsolete institutional setting, which doesn’t reflect the requirements of modern international competitiveness. It is the heritage of past times, where creation of the innovation system wasn’t considered a priority factor of economic development. Additionally, Poland is still undergoing intensive modernization of its technology capabilities. The capital and production structure are way outdated and don’t meet the demands of the international trade competition, most of all the non-price competition. That is why it seems that creating conditions for innovation system might become a crucial factors determining the nature and dynamics of development processes as well as influencing the North-east future innovation capability. Creating a new regional innovation structure and transfer of technologies should support modernization processes in companies and the creation of development opportunities for the national economy as a whole and especially in peripheral regions. Those processes will accelerate technological convergence of regions and the economy.
Highlights
In order to determine what institutional factors affect innovation, it is necessary to define the categories of social institutions and to describe the mechanism of their impact on the economy
A system of innovation can, be regarded as an institution which boosts innovation and shapes its nature. It includes the following constituent parts: science and technology system, education, research and development, and innovation policies. These have to be effectively supported by economic policy instruments whose efficiency directly translates into the performance of a particular innovation system
Taking the above into consideration, one can distinguish two strictly interrelated processes that determine the efficiency of innovation systems: − development of enterprise sector and market environment; their influence on the innovation capacity of companies and technological infrastructure; − transfer of technology and its role in creating efficient management structures capable of enhancing internal and external competitiveness and cooperation
Summary
In order to determine what institutional factors affect innovation, it is necessary to define the categories of social institutions and to describe the mechanism of their impact on the economy. Taking the above into consideration, one can distinguish two strictly interrelated processes that determine the efficiency of innovation systems: − development of enterprise sector and market environment; their influence on the innovation capacity of companies and technological infrastructure; − transfer of technology and its role in creating efficient management structures capable of enhancing internal and external competitiveness and cooperation. In a properly functioning RIS, all these entities form a network of dependencies and interactions regarding the flow of knowledge, resources and qualifications All these interrelations are tremendously important for the innovation potential and competitive position of RISs. Internal connections concerning knowledge flows are believed to be of great significance in innovative regions, but interactions with external bodies as regards support for the development of knowledge seem no less relevant. The co-operation between knowledge makers and knowledge users is becoming far wider and more intensive
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