Abstract
In the last decades, old production technology used on farms on mountain of Stara planina was the reason why milk production wasn't profitable activity and therefore livestock production had collapse. In this paper current situation is analyzed and new knowledge introduced in production of sheep and cow milk on farms located in that region. The analysis of breed structure shows that in population of Pirot Pramenka sheep and local Simmental population of cattle, effects in milk production are rather poor. Introduction of modern knowledge of milk production would considerably increase the milk yield of sheep and cows and motivate the rural population to revive dairy livestock production. Through application of new solutions regarding of breeding and farm organizations, milk yield in sheep was increased per head by 8-15%, and quantity of milk in cows was increased by 10-16%. Also the health condition of the udder was improved and somatic cell count was reduced within the limits regulated by law.
Highlights
old production technology used on farms on mountain
new knowledge introduced in production of sheep and cow milk
on farms located in that region
Summary
Apstrakt: Poslednjih decenija, zastarela tehnologija proizvodnje je učinila da mleko nije isplativ posao, pa je stočarstvo u planinskim krajevima doživelo kolaps. U radu se analizira postojeće stanje i koriste nova saznanja u proizvodnji ovčijeg i kravljeg mleka na malim farmama u centralnom delu Stare planine. Analiza rasne strukture pokazuje da u populaciji ovaca pirotske pramenke dnevna mlečnost varira od 0,3-0,5kg po grlu, odnosno 60-90 kg u laktaciji. U populaciji goveda, dnevna proizvodnja mleka iznosi 10-15 kg, dok se prosečna mlečnost u laktaciji kreće od 2400-3000 kg. Poslednjih decenija, zastarela tehnologija proizvodnje na farmama je učinila da mleko nije isplativ posao pa je stočarstvo u ovom planinskom kraju doživelo kolaps, a pašnjaci su ostali gotovo pusti (Petrović i Caro-Petrović, 2005). Rešenje ovog problema moguće je aplikacijom novih saznanja, čime bi se znatno povećala mlečnost ovaca i krava i time motivisalo stanovništvo za oživljavanje mlečnog stočarstva. Cilj ovog rada je da iznese neke od dobijenih rezultata nakon uvođenja određenih inovacija u proizvodnju kvalitetnog ovčijeg i kravljeg mleka
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