Abstract
Innovation constitutes an important output of education. With the differences in the two-dimensional cooperation between universities, the government, and enterprises in the mode featuring “triple helix” as a starting point, this article has compared the features of the influence of differences in the quality of higher education on enterprise and regional innovation by adopting the data of listed companies and provincial-level macro-statistical data from 2013 to 2020 to construct the count panel data model. The research has proved that the “inverted U” feature is presented between the range of quality among universities and the level of innovation output. However, the coefficient of the differences in quality between universities in relation to the optimal innovation output of enterprises is higher than that of regional innovation output. That is to say, differences are existent in the differences in the path of the influence of the differences in quality between universities with respect to entrepreneurship and national innovation. To some extent, this research result explains the reason why the country has cultivated a large number of talents but is still faced with the situation characterized by the lack of talents related to the so-called crucial technologies. Therefore, on the basis of guaranteeing the basic operation rules of higher education, it is necessary for the third-party institutions to provide differentiated higher education information for enterprises and countries (regions) to realize the unity of the classification of schools in education and the signal of market-element allocation. Moreover, university alliances should be established so that the innovation demands based on enterprises and regions can be met through the transmission of information between universities so as to prevent universities from becoming tools for helping enterprises maximize their profits or for the government to pursue educational achievements.
Highlights
World Development Report in 2018 and World Innovation Index Report in 2018 emphasized the new changes in education policy: Various countries had begun to shift their attention from educational input to educational output
Higher education cannot follow the principle of maximization of enterprise profits and be completely market-oriented, nor can it become a tool for local governments to pursue political achievements
What the government needs are the signals with strong superposition and good integration degree. Such signals include information about talent cultivation and scientific research results, which is conducive for integrating innovation resources and building an innovation system
Summary
Higher education plays a very important role in innovation. e 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021–2025) has proposed the target of “optimizing the distribution of regional higher education resources.” is the process of concrete implementation likely to lead to issues such as whether there is an inconsistency between the target of enterprises’ demand for talents and that of a country or region’s demand for talents and whether there are differences between the country’s demand for strategic talents and enterprises’ demand for profit optimization? Regarding the supply side of talents, should institutions of higher learning pay more attention to the differentiated competition or advance side by side? ese issues should be focused on by relevant departments in their implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan. Higher education cannot follow the principle of maximization of enterprise profits and be completely market-oriented, nor can it become a tool for local governments to pursue political achievements. It is difficult for the enterprise profit-optimization model and the performance model of the government to be used to measure the influence of education on their unique output, i.e., innovation output. In view of the particularity of universities in the innovation system, based on the innovation-system theory, this article, from the perspective of the differences in the quality of higher education, studies the relationship between universities and innovation by enterprises and regions, and explores the quality differences between colleges and universities and puts forward corresponding suggestions to promote the development of innovation
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