Abstract
The interrelation of the processes of immunity and senescence now receives an unprecedented emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic, which brings to the fore the critical need to combat immunosenescence and improve the immune function and resilience of older persons. Here we review the historical origins and the current state of the science of innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity. From the modern point of view, innate and adaptive immunity are not only affected by aging but also are important parts of its underlying mechanisms. Excessive levels or activity of antimicrobial peptides, C-reactive protein, complement system, TLR/NF-κB, cGAS/STING/IFN 1,3 and AGEs/RAGE pathways, myeloid cells and NLRP3 inflammasome, declined levels of NK cells in innate immunity, thymus involution and decreased amount of naive T-cells in adaptive immunity, are biomarkers of aging and predisposition factors for cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies. Long-living species, human centenarians, and women are characterized by less inflamm-aging and decelerated immunosenescence. Despite recent progress in understanding, the harmonious theory of immunosenescence is still developing. Geroprotectors targeting these mechanisms are just emerging and are comprehensively discussed in this article.
Highlights
The interrelation of the processes of immunity and senescence receives an unprecedented emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has stressed the critical need to combat immunosenescence and improve the immune function and resilience of older persons
It is appropriate to review the current state of the science of innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity, as well as the historical origins of this field of study, to further promote the research in this area
Following a century of study, at the present time, natural immunity is understood to consist of three interrelated parts: physiological barriers, innate immunity and adaptive immunity
Summary
The interrelation of the processes of immunity and senescence receives an unprecedented emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has stressed the critical need to combat immunosenescence and improve the immune function and resilience of older persons. It is appropriate to review the current state of the science of innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity, as well as the historical origins of this field of study, to further promote the research in this area. Innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity scientific fields.
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