Abstract
PurposeShipping is a major source of air pollution, causing severe impacts on the environment and human health, greatly contributing to the creation of greenhouse gases and influencing climate change. The research was investigated to provide a better insight into the emission inventories in the Red River in Hanoi (Vietnam) that is often heavily occupied as the primary route for inner-city waterway traffic.Design/methodology/approachThe total emissions of seven different pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SOx, CO, CO2, NOx and HC) were estimated using the SPD-GIZ emission calculation model.FindingsThe results show that CO2 has the most significant contribution to the gas volume emitted: 103.21 tons/day. Remarkably, bulk carriers are the largest emission vehicle, accounting for more than 97% of total emissions, due to their superior number and large capacity.Social implicationsThe result to have a roadmap for making efforts to fulfil its commitment so that it could achieve its net-zero climate target by 2050 in Vietnam as committed at COP26.Originality/valueIn this research, the number of vehicles and types of vessels travelling on the Red River flowing within Hanoi territory and other activity data are reported. The tally data will be used to estimate emissions of seven different pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SOx, CO, CO2, NOx and HC) using a method combining both top-down and bottom-up approaches.
Highlights
Shipping, a significant share of the global cargo is transported by waterways, which is a very important factor in the economic growth over the world (Ivce et al, 2019; Thach, 2014)
A part of the 130 km long river, out of the total 510 km in Vietnam, runs from northwest to southeast in Hanoi capital (Figure 1) that was selected as a study area; hereinafter it is noted as RRH
Based on activity data collected, the Sustainable Port Development (SPD)-GIZ model illustrated the total emissions of seven different pollutants
Summary
A significant share of the global cargo is transported by waterways, which is a very important factor in the economic growth over the world (Ivce et al, 2019; Thach, 2014). Vessels sailing on inland rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs include the categories listed for oceangoing ships, but in most coastal countries a higher proportion of smaller boats and recreational watercraft prevail (Ivce et al, 2019). Waterways transportation is one of the most economical and least pollutant emissions measured by. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
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