Injection of Renewables Gases Into the Existing Gas Distribution Grids and Employment of Reverse Gas Flow Technique

Abstract

Abstract Sustainability and longevity of existing gas grid exploitation perspective are closely related to two fundamental issues: their ability to adopt to changing gas fuel production and supply landscape in the context of methane-based fuels, mostly, biomethane, and in the context of non-methane-based fuels, mostly, low carbon and green hydrogen. Renewable gases and their ever-growing presence in gas transmission and distribution systems open up a discussion about the necessity to revise and restructure the original – vertically integrated layout of the gas systems, where gas supply is only technically possible from the transmission system towards distribution one, and not vice versa. Development of numerous decentralized biomethane production facilities connected to the gas distribution system causes a necessity to ensure the possibility to pass biomethane surplus of a certain production area into the gas transmission grid, thus avoiding necessity to install biomethane storage capacities locally and granting other regions an opportunity to use said surplus in their gas consumption immediately. The article addresses biomethane production trends and actions taken towards the development of reverse flow gas stations in France – one of biggest biomethane producers in Europe to date, and opportunities and challenges, which this technique might face in smaller and less active renewable gas markets as the one of Latvia.