Abstract
The development of turbulence under both steady and pulsatile flow through models of arterial stanoses was studied experimentally. Stenoses were represented by three severely constricted rigid-walled models with different shapes. Model geometries included a streamlined shape, a hollowed plug with blunt ends, and a thin plate orifice. Velocity fluctuations were measured with hot-film probes. Results indicate that: (a) turbulence develops at Reynolds numbers well below the critical value for flow in an unobstructed tube; (b) the critical Reynolds number varies with a dimensionless frequency parameter, first becoming less stable and then more stable as the frequency parameter is increased; and (c) the critical Reynolds number depends on the shape of the obstruction with the orifice-type stenosis exhibiting the lowest value for the critical Reynolds number.
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