Abstract
Objective: This study’s aim was to quantify the hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration into the pulp chamber of teeth submitted to different protocols of bleaching. Material and Methods: Ninety premolars were randomly divided into nine groups according to the bleaching agent protocol (n = 10): control (no bleaching), carbamide peroxide 10% [10% CP], carbamide peroxide 16% [16% CP], carbamide peroxide 22% [22% CP], hydrogen peroxide 4% [4% HP], hydrogen peroxide 6% [6% HP], hydrogen peroxide 7.5% [7.5% HP], hydrogen peroxide 10% [10% HP] and hydrogen peroxide 35% [35% HP]. The penetration of HP was measured via spectrophotometric analysis of the acetate buffer solution from the pulp chamber. The absorbance of the resulting solution was determined in a spectrophotometer and converted into equivalent concentration of HP (?g/ mL). To analyze the concentration of HP, the titration of bleaching agents with potassium permanganate was used. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test for pairwise comparison (? = 0.05). Results: Higher concentration of HP in the pulp chamber was found in the HP 35% group (p < 0.0001). No significant difference between at-home protocols were observed (p = 0.64). Titration values showed that the concentration of the products was similar to that claimed by the manufacturer. Conclusion: It follows that the amount of HP that reaches the pulp chamber is not proportional to the concentration of whitening gels, but depends on the application time recommended by the manufacturers.KEYWORDSAt-home bleaching; Dental enamel permeability; Inoffice bleaching; Tooth bleaching.
Highlights
The demand for dental bleaching products has increased significantly over the past year
Different amounts of hydrogen peroxide were found in the pulp chamber of the different bleaching protocols (Table II)
The amount of hydrogen peroxide from the 35% HP group was significantly higher than all athome protocols evaluated (p < 0.0001)
Summary
The demand for dental bleaching products has increased significantly over the past year. For at-home bleaching, the products employed different concentrations of carbamide peroxide (5% to 22%) or hydrogen peroxide ranging from 3% to 10%. In-office bleaching employs highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide gels - typically in the range of 20 to 38% [3,4,5]. All these bleaching products have shown effective color changes both at the immediate and in middle-term follow-ups [6,7]. Cell viability reduction, H2O2 diffusion, cell morphology alteration, oxidative stress, and cell membrane damage of pulp cells depend on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and contact time of this products [13,14]
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