Abstract
We discuss the effects of rotation on confining properties of gauge theories focusing on compact electrodynamics in two spatial dimensions as an analytically tractable model. We show that at finite temperature, the rotation leads to a deconfining transition starting from a certain distance from the rotation axis. A uniformly rotating confining system possesses, in addition to the usual confinement and deconfinement phases, a mixed inhomogeneous phase which hosts spatially separated confinement and deconfinement regions. The phase diagram thus has two different deconfining temperatures. The first deconfining temperature can be made arbitrarily low by sufficiently rapid rotation while the second deconfining temperature is largely unaffected by the rotation. Implications of our results for the phase diagram of QCD are presented. We point out that uniformly rotating quark-gluon plasma should therefore experience an inverse hadronization effect when the hadronization starts from the core of the rotating plasma rather than from its boundary.
Highlights
Noncentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions create a highly vortical fluid of quark-gluon plasma
The effects of vorticity on the phase diagram are usually studied in the approximation of a uniform rotation which assumes that the quark-gluon plasma rotates as a solid body
There is a consensus that the uniform rotation decreases the temperature of the chiral phase transition [6,7,8,9,10,11] because the vorticity tends to align the spins of quarks and antiquarks and suppresses the scalar pairing diminishing the scalar fermionic condensate
Summary
Noncentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions create a highly vortical fluid of quark-gluon plasma. We consider in detail the rotation in compact electrodynamics (called compact QED or cQED for shortness) which is a toy model that possesses the confinement property and, at the same time, can be treated analytically This (2 þ 1) dimensional theory enjoys the “compact” U(1) gauge symmetry, cU(1) and it has no matter fields. The compact Abelian gauge theory in two space dimensions is an effective toy model which shares several non-perturbative features with QCD, notably the charge confinement and the mass-gap generation [14]. Both cQED and QCD possess instantonlike objects in their vacua, and both of them experience a deconfining phase at high enough temperatures. We briefly discuss the implications of our results for QCD at the end of the article
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