Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the study was to observe the antimicrobial activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola as well as the effect on reducing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs).Materials and methodsAfter P. gingivalis and T. denticola were cultured with or without Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18, VSCs were measured by Oral Chroma. In order to analyze the mechanism for malodor control, the antimicrobial activity of S. salivarius K12 and M18 against P. gingivalis and T. denticola was assessed. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis with the Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests. Mann–Whitney test was applied for post hoc analysis.Results P. gingivalis and T. denticola VSC levels were reduced by high concentrations of S. salivarius K12 and M18 during coculture. The concentrations were lower than those of single culture (p < .05). An antimicrobial effect was detected on P. gingivalis, and T. denticola by 50% S. salivarius K12 and M18. The spent culture medium and whole bacteria of S. salivarius K12 and M18 reduced the levels of VSCs below the amount in a single culture of P. gingivalis and T. denticola (p < .05).Conclusion S. salivarius K12 and M18 decreased the levels of VSCs originating from P. gingivalis and T. denticola.
Highlights
Oral malodor is an unpleasant smell that occurs in the oral cavity and the nearby organs (Rosenberg et al, 1991)
Oral malodor is an unpleasant smell that occurs in the oral cavity and in nearby organs
Mitsuo et al (2012) reported finding P. gingivalis, T. forsythia. and P. intermedia in the tongue coating of an individual with a healthy periodontium and they showed a correlation with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)
Summary
Oral malodor is an unpleasant smell that occurs in the oral cavity and the nearby organs (Rosenberg et al, 1991). Oral malodor has many potential causes, but 80–90% of cases occur because of factors within the oral cavity. It is usually the work of Gram negative anaerobic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium spp. In dental medicine, there have been many studies on the effectiveness of using oral cavity probiotics against oral diseases including dental caries and halitosis (Burton et al, 2013). Chilcott, and Tagg (2005) reported that Streptococcus salivarius K12 reduces the synthesis of VSCs. The purpose of this study is to research and analyze how probiotic bacteria such as S. salivarius K12 and M18 affect the synthesis of sulfur compounds and the growth of P. gingivalis and T. denticola, which cause oral malodor
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