Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin on Corneal Neovascularization in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the effect of curcumin on the proliferation and the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and on the corneal neovascularization in the corneal alkaline burn rat model. Methods: HUVEC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were examined after treatment with various concentrations of curcumin. The effect of curcumin on the activation of nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) was measured by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in vivo. Corneal neovascularization was induced in vivo by an alkaline burn of the cornea in Sprague-Dawley rats. After topical drug treatments with curcumin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated in the corneal tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and by immunohistochemistry. Corneal neovascularization was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Results: Curcumin at a concentration of 40 µmol/l for 24 h significantly inhibited the growth of HUVECs. The Boyden microchamber assay showed that curcumin dramatically inhibited the migration of HUVECs at a concentration of 40 µmol/l. When TUNEL assays were performed, the number of apoptotic cells increased after treated with curcumin. The EMSA revealed that curcumin inhibits the activation of NF-ĸB in HUVECs. The expression of VEGF in the corneal tissues was inhibited by curcumin on days 7 and 14 after alkaline burn. Conclusions: Curcumin may be useful as an angiogenic inhibitor in the treatment of corneal diseases that show neovascularization.