Inhibitory effect and mechanism of gelatin stabilized ferrous sulfide nanoparticles on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Ting Tong,Xiaotong Zhang,Jiangong Liang,Shaobo Xiao,Liurong Fang,Shuangfei Deng

doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01281-4

Abstract

BackgroundThe infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) pose a serious threat to the global pig industry, and inhibiting the viral infection process is a promising treatment strategy. Nanomaterials can interact with viruses and have attracted much attention due to their large specific surface area and unique physicochemical properties. Ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) with the characteristics of high reactivity, large specific surface area, and low cost are widely applied to environmental remediation, catalysis, energy storage and medicine. However, there is no report on the application of FeS NPs in the antiviral field. In this study, gelatin stabilized FeS nanoparticles (Gel-FeS NPs) were large-scale synthesized rapidly by the one-pot method of co-precipitation of Fe2+ and S2‒.ResultsThe prepared Gel-FeS NPs exhibited good stability and dispersibility with an average diameter of 47.3 nm. Additionally, they were characterized with good biocompatibility and high antiviral activity against PRRSV proliferation in the stages of adsorption, invasion, and replication.ConclusionsWe reported for the first time the virucidal and antiviral activity of Gel-FeS NPs. The synthesized Gel-FeS NPs exhibited good dispersibility and biocompatibility as well as effective inhibition on PRRSV proliferation. Moreover, the Fe2+ released from degraded Gel-FeS NPs still displayed an antiviral effect, demonstrating the advantage of Gel-FeS NPs as an antiviral nanomaterial compared to other nanomaterials. This work highlighted the antiviral effect of Gel-FeS NPs and provided a new strategy for ferrous-based nanoparticles against PRRSV.Graphical

Highlights

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease that causes reproductive failure in breeding sows and respiratory disorders in growing pigs [1]
This work highlighted the antiviral effect of Gel-Ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) and provided a new strategy for ferrous-based nanoparticles against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
In the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image (Fig. 1A), Gel-FeS NPs were seen to be well-dispersed in aqueous solution with a uniform size, and 100 nanoparticles were selected to calculate the diameter of Gel-FeS NPs, which showed an average diameter of 47.3 nm

Summary

Introduction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease that causes reproductive failure in breeding sows and respiratory disorders in growing pigs [1]. A series of innovative nanomaterials with potential activities against various viruses have been reported to play an important role in preventing and treating different viral infections [4,5,6,7,8], such as DNA origami [9], graphene nanosheets [10, 11], fullerene nanospheres [12,13,14], macromolecular polymers [15], nano hydrogels [16,17,18], and other emerging materials [19, 20] These nanomaterials can play an antiviral role in the different stages of the virus life cycle, but their further application was restricted by the low synthesis yield and the complex synthesis procedures, suggesting the rare advantage of the one-pot method for rapid and large-scale synthesis of antiviral nanomaterials with good reproducibility. Gelatin stabilized FeS nanoparticles (Gel-FeS NPs) were large-scale synthesized rapidly by the one-pot method of co-precipitation of Fe2+ and S2‒

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion