Abstract
It has long been recognised that some individuals produce urine that is inhibitory to uropathogens. This may be partly explained by inhibitors. Several inhibitors have been identified in urine including urea and organic acids. Bacteria adapt to high osmolarity by activating osmoregulated betaine porters and accumulating organic osmolytes intracellularly. The preferred substrate is glycine betaine, which is present in urine, and promotes rapid growth by balancing osmotic forces and stabilising macromolecular structures against the toxicity of urea and low pH. Other dietary betaines such as trigonelline may also be taken but enhance urea toxicity. The importance of such compounds in vivo is unknown.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
